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| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Psicologia clinica | Psicologia clinica |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1988 | 1983 |
| Ideatore≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith |
| Tipo≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | PANAS, PANAS-X | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D |
| Correlati≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Sintesi≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. |
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