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| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)× | Scala di Valutazione dell'Ansia di Hamilton (HAM-A)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campo | Psicologia clinica | Psicologia clinica | Psicologia clinica |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1988 | 1995 | 1959 |
| Ideatore≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Max Hamilton |
| Tipo≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | PANAS, PANAS-X | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | HAM-A, HARS |
| Correlati | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. |
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