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| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | Scala per la Depressione del Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Psicologia clinica | Psicologia clinica |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1988 | 1977 |
| Ideatore≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Lenore Sawyer Radloff |
| Tipo≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Community-based depression assessment |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | PANAS, PANAS-X | CES-D, CESD |
| Correlati | 5 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. |
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