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| Affidabilità test-retest multilivello× | Alpha di Cronbach (Analisi di Affidabilità)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo≠ | Psicometria | Statistica |
| Famiglia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1979 (ICC foundation); multilevel extension: 1990s–2000s | 1951 |
| Ideatore≠ | Shrout & Fleiss (ICC foundation); multilevel extension by Goldstein, Snijders, and others | Lee J. Cronbach |
| Tipo≠ | Reliability estimation under hierarchical data | Reliability / internal consistency coefficient |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Shrout, P. E. & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420–428. DOI ↗ | Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | hierarchical test-retest reliability, multilevel ICC reliability, nested test-retest reliability, ML-TRT reliability | coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha) |
| Correlati≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Sintesi≠ | Multilevel test-retest reliability estimates how consistently a measurement instrument produces the same scores across repeated administrations when observations are nested within higher-level units — such as patients within clinics or students within classrooms. It partitions total score variance across levels using intraclass correlation coefficients derived from multilevel models. | Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research. |
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