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	Multi-response Control Chart	Analisi delle Modalità e degli Effetti dei Guasti (FMEA)
Campo	Disegno sperimentale	Disegno sperimentale
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1947 (Hotelling T²); 1980s–1990s (MEWMA, MCUSUM extensions)	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
Ideatore	Harold Hotelling (multivariate foundation); extended by Lowry, Woodall, and others	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
Tipo	Multivariate statistical process monitoring	Proactive risk analysis technique
Fonte seminale	Hotelling, H. (1947). Multivariate quality control illustrated by the air testing of sample bombsights. In C. Eisenhart, M. W. Hastay, & W. A. Wallis (Eds.), Techniques of Statistical Analysis (pp. 111–184). McGraw-Hill.	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
Alias	multivariate control chart, multi-response SPC, MRCC, multiple-response monitoring chart	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
Correlati	6	6
Sintesi	A multi-response control chart simultaneously monitors two or more correlated quality characteristics on a single chart, preserving the correlation structure that univariate charts ignore. Built on Hotelling's T² statistic and its time-weighted extensions (MEWMA, MCUSUM), it detects process shifts that would be missed if each response were charted independently. It is the standard tool in manufacturing and service quality when product performance depends on multiple interrelated outputs.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.