Confronta i metodi

	Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)	Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)	Codifica Turbo con Decodifica Iterativa
Campo	Telecomunicazioni	Telecomunicazioni	Telecomunicazioni
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1995	1971	1993
Ideatore	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Weinstein and Ebert	Claude Berrou, Alain Glavieux, and Punya Thitimajshima
Tipo	spatial multiplexing technique	multicarrier modulation scheme	iterative error-correcting code
Fonte seminale	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.	Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., & Thitimajshima, P. (1993). Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1064-1070.
Alias	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	multicarrier modulation	iterative decoding, concatenated codes
Correlati	5	5	5
Sintesi	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.	Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima in 1993, are a landmark in channel coding history. They achieve performance within 0.5 dB of the Shannon limit—the theoretical boundary for reliable communication—a feat previously thought impossible with practical complexity. Turbo codes use concatenated convolutional codes with an interleaver and iterative decoding via belief propagation. They were adopted in 3G (UMTS) and remain important in 4G/5G systems alongside LDPC codes.