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	Scala di Autoefficacia nella Comprensione e Uso dei Farmaci (MUSE-S)	Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS)
Campo	Farmacologia	Farmacologia
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	2009	2000
Ideatore	Sunil Kripalani, Jill Risser, Monica E. Gatti, and Thomas A. Jacobson	Kathryn Thompson, Jayashri Kulkarni, and Anthony A. Sergejew
Tipo	Self-report	Self-report
Fonte seminale	Kripalani, S., Risser, J., Gatti, M. E., & Jacobson, T. A. (2009). Development and validation of a simple questionnaire to measure medication understanding. Medical Care, 47(3), 340-348.	Thompson, K., Kulkarni, J., & Sergejew, A. A. (2000). Reliability and validity of a new Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for the psychoses. Schizophrenia Research, 42(3), 241-247.
Alias	MUSE-S	MARS
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	The Medication Understanding and Use Self-Efficacy Scale (MUSE-S) is a brief, patient-centered self-report measure assessing both knowledge and confidence regarding medication use. Developed by Kripalani and colleagues at Emory University in 2009, the MUSE-S evaluates whether patients understand their medications (what they are for, how to take them, important side effects) and feel confident managing them in daily life. This dual focus on knowledge and self-efficacy makes the MUSE-S particularly valuable for identifying education gaps, assessing health literacy barriers to medication adherence, and evaluating outcomes of medication counseling or education interventions.	The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) is a 10-item self-report measure developed by Thompson, Kulkarni, and Sergejew in 2000 to assess medication adherence behaviors and attitudes in psychiatric populations, particularly antipsychotic medication use. Although originally validated in schizophrenia, it has been successfully applied across diverse medical conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic disease management, providing a quick, sensitive assessment of actual adherence frequency and admission of problematic medication-taking behaviors.