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Esamina i metodi selezionati fianco a fianco; le righe che differiscono sono evidenziate.
| Esperimento di Laboratorio× | Disegno Sperimentale Pretest-Posttest× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Disegno sperimentale | Disegno sperimentale |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 17th century (natural science); ~1879 onward (behavioral/social science) | 1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley) |
| Ideatore≠ | Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle (early scientific method); formalized in social science by Wilhelm Wundt (1879 psychology lab) and Ronald A. Fisher (20th-century design principles) | Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley |
| Tipo≠ | Experimental quantitative design | Experimental / quasi-experimental research design |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560 | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. link ↗ |
| Alias | lab experiment, controlled experiment, true experiment, lab study | pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design |
| Correlati | 5 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | A laboratory experiment is a research design in which the investigator systematically manipulates one or more independent variables under tightly controlled conditions, randomly assigns participants to conditions, and measures the effect on dependent variables. By maximizing internal control, the laboratory experiment is the gold standard for establishing cause-and-effect relationships. It is the backbone of experimental psychology, cognitive science, pharmacology, and many social sciences. | The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences. |
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