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	Knowledge Organization System Design	Thesaurus Construction
Campo	Library Information Science	Library Information Science
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	2000	2000
Ideatore	Elaine Svenonius; ANSI/NISO Z39.19	Jean Aitchison, Alan Gilchrist & David Bawden; ANSI/NISO Z39.19
Tipo	Design pipeline for specifying a knowledge organization system	Standards-based pipeline for building an information-retrieval thesaurus
Fonte seminale	Svenonius, E. (2000). The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262194334	Aitchison, J., Gilchrist, A., & Bawden, D. (2000). Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual (4th ed.). London: Aslib/IMI. ISBN: 9780851424460
Alias	KOS Design, Knowledge Organization System Engineering, Information Organization System Design, Bibliographic Language Design	Thesaurus Building, Thesaurus Development, Controlled Vocabulary Thesaurus Design, Information Retrieval Thesaurus Construction
Correlati	3	3
Sintesi	Knowledge organization system (KOS) design is the principled specification of the artefacts — classification schemes, thesauri, subject heading lists, taxonomies, name and subject authorities, and ontologies — that organize recorded information for retrieval. Elaine Svenonius's The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization recast this work as the design of bibliographic languages, each with a vocabulary, a semantics, and a syntax, all justified by the user objectives an information system exists to serve: to find, identify, select, and obtain. KOS design begins from those objectives and the entities a domain contains, then specifies controlled vocabulary, fixes the mapping between terms and concepts, defines the syntax for combining terms, and evaluates the result against the objectives and against design principles. Standards such as ANSI/NISO Z39.19 supply the construction rules for the vocabulary layer.	Thesaurus construction is the systematic building of a controlled vocabulary in which preferred terms are linked by a standardized set of relationships — equivalence, hierarchy, and association — to support consistent indexing and effective retrieval. The definitive practical methodology was set out by Jean Aitchison, Alan Gilchrist, and David Bawden in their manual Thesaurus Construction and Use, and the controlling standard in the United States is ANSI/NISO Z39.19, with ISO 25964 as its international counterpart. A thesaurus collects the terms a domain uses, resolves synonyms and homographs so each concept has one preferred label, and then wires the preferred terms together with USE/UF, BT/NT, and RT relationships plus scope notes. The result is a structured map of a subject's concepts that indexers and searchers share, reducing the mismatch between the words authors, indexers, and users choose.