Confronta i metodi

	Fenomenologia Ermeneutica	Analisi del Discorso	Etnografia	Teoria Fondata
Campo	Qualitativo	Ricerca qualitativa	Qualitativo	Ricerca qualitativa
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	Philosophical roots 1927 (Heidegger); systematic research method from 1980s–1990s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967
Ideatore	Martin Heidegger (philosophical foundation); Max van Manen (methodological application)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
Tipo	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
Fonte seminale	van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. State University of New York Press. ISBN: 978-0791404645	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Alias	Heideggerian phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, hermeneutic inquiry, van Manen phenomenology	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
Correlati	6	2	5	3
Sintesi	Hermeneutic phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that investigates the interpreted meaning of lived experience from within the existential conditions that shape it. Rooted in Heidegger's ontology and developed as an empirical method by Max van Manen, it does not seek to bracket or suspend the researcher's understanding but instead treats that understanding as the very medium through which the meaning of experience can be disclosed. The approach is widely used in education, nursing, and social sciences to explore how people dwell in, and make sense of, their world.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.