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| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale× | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Psicologia clinica | Psicologia clinica |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1983 | 1988 |
| Ideatore≠ | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen |
| Tipo≠ | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations | Mood and affect self-assessment |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D | PANAS, PANAS-X |
| Correlati≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. |
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