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	Test di Bontà di Adattamento	Errore Quadratico Medio (MSE)
Campo	Valutazione dei modelli	Valutazione dei modelli
Famiglia	MCDM	MCDM
Anno di origine	1900	1809
Ideatore	Karl Pearson	Carl Friedrich Gauss
Tipo	Hypothesis testing framework for model adequacy	Squared-error loss function
Fonte seminale	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157-175.	Gauss, C. F. (1809). Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in Sectionibus Conicis Solem Ambientium. Hamburg: Perthes and Besser.
Alias	goodness of fit test, GOF test, model fit assessment	MSE, L2 error, quadratic error
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	Goodness-of-fit (GOF) testing is a framework for assessing whether observed data are consistent with a hypothesized probability distribution or model. Originating from Karl Pearson's chi-square test (1900), GOF tests quantify the discrepancy between data and model predictions, yielding p-values to judge whether observed deviations are statistically significant or due to random chance.	Mean Squared Error is the foundational loss function for regression models, measuring the average squared deviation between predictions and observations. Originating from Gauss and Legendre's method of least squares (1805-1809), MSE is the basis for ordinary least squares regression and remains central to modern machine learning optimization.