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| Analisi Decisionale Multi-Criterio basata su GIS (GIS-MCDA)× | Modelli di Localizzazione-Assegnazione× | TOPSIS× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campo≠ | Analisi spaziale | Analisi spaziale | Processo decisionale |
| Famiglia≠ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | MCDM |
| Anno di origine≠ | 2006 | 1963 | 1981 |
| Ideatore≠ | Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis) | Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi | Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. |
| Tipo≠ | Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis | Spatial facility-location optimization | Distance-based (compromise) |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726. DOI ↗ | Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343. DOI ↗ | Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability | facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri | — |
| Correlati≠ | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Sintesi≠ | GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data. | Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population. | TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result. |
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