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	Modello di Miscela Gaussiana	Analisi delle Componenti Principali
Campo	Apprendimento automatico	Apprendimento automatico
Famiglia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anno di origine	1977	2002
Ideatore	Dempster, Laird & Rubin (EM algorithm)	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)
Tipo	Probabilistic (soft) clustering — mixture model	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction
Fonte seminale	Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M. & Rubin, D.B. (1977). Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(1), 1–22.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.
Alias	Gaussian Karışım Modeli (GMM Kümeleme), GMM, GMM clustering, mixture of Gaussians	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform
Correlati	4	3
Sintesi	A Gaussian Mixture Model is a probabilistic clustering method that models the data as a weighted mixture of several Gaussian distributions, fitted with the Expectation–Maximization algorithm formalized by Dempster, Laird & Rubin in 1977. It is a generalization of K-means in which each cluster can take its own shape, size, and orientation.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.