Confronta i metodi
Esamina i metodi selezionati fianco a fianco; le righe che differiscono sono evidenziate.
| Esperimento sul campo in doppio cieco× | Esperimento sul campo randomizzato a grappoli× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Disegno sperimentale | Disegno sperimentale |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1960s onward (field experiment tradition); double-blind controls applied from 1970s in social and policy field trials | 1980s–1990s (formalized methodology) |
| Ideatore≠ | Fisher, R. A. (randomized field trials); double-blind practice traced to 19th-century clinical research, formalized for field settings by Campbell & Stanley (1963) | David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research |
| Tipo≠ | Experimental design | Randomized experimental design |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Gerber, A. S., & Green, D. P. (2012). Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation. W. W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0393979954 | Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424 |
| Alias | double-masked field trial, double-blind naturalistic experiment, blinded field study, DB field experiment | CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment |
| Correlati≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Sintesi≠ | A double-blind field experiment combines the high external validity of a real-world field setting with double-blind masking, in which neither the participants nor the personnel delivering the treatment know who has been assigned to the treatment or control condition. This design controls simultaneously for participant expectation effects and for experimenter/enumerator demand effects, making it one of the most rigorous tools available for causal inference outside the laboratory. | A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics. |
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