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	Simulazione Numerica Diretta	Idrodinamica delle Particelle Smoothed
Campo	Fluidodinamica	Fluidodinamica
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1971	1977
Ideatore	Steven Orszag	Monaghan John & Lucy Leon
Tipo	Full-scale turbulence resolution method	Meshfree particle method
Fonte seminale	Orszag, S. A. (1971). Numerical simulation of incompressible flows within simple boundaries: accuracy. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 49(1), 75-112.	Lucy, L. B. (1977). A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 82(12), 1013-1024.
Alias	DNS, resolved turbulence simulation	SPH, particle hydrodynamics
Correlati	5	5
Sintesi	Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is a computational approach that solves the Navier-Stokes equations without turbulence models, resolving all scales of motion from the largest energy-containing eddies down to the smallest dissipative scales (Kolmogorov microscales). Pioneered by Steven Orszag in 1971, DNS provides complete information about turbulent flow fields and serves as a reference solution for validating turbulence models. However, extreme computational demands limit DNS to relatively simple geometries and low to moderate Reynolds numbers.	Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method for simulating fluid dynamics, developed independently by Lucy in 1977 and Gingold and Monaghan in 1977. Rather than discretizing on a fixed grid, SPH represents fluids as collections of particles that carry mass, momentum, and energy. Each particle interacts with neighbors within a kernel support radius, enabling natural handling of free surfaces, large deformations, and multiphase flows without remeshing. SPH has become indispensable for simulations involving violent flows, impacts, and complex interfaces.