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	Simulazione Numerica Diretta	Le equazioni di Navier-Stokes mediate di Reynolds
Campo	Fluidodinamica	Fluidodinamica
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1971	1895
Ideatore	Steven Orszag	Osborne Reynolds
Tipo	Full-scale turbulence resolution method	Computational turbulence modeling approach
Fonte seminale	Orszag, S. A. (1971). Numerical simulation of incompressible flows within simple boundaries: accuracy. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 49(1), 75-112.	Reynolds, O. (1895). On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of the criterion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 186, 123-164.
Alias	DNS, resolved turbulence simulation	RANS, Reynolds-averaged flow simulation
Correlati	5	5
Sintesi	Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is a computational approach that solves the Navier-Stokes equations without turbulence models, resolving all scales of motion from the largest energy-containing eddies down to the smallest dissipative scales (Kolmogorov microscales). Pioneered by Steven Orszag in 1971, DNS provides complete information about turbulent flow fields and serves as a reference solution for validating turbulence models. However, extreme computational demands limit DNS to relatively simple geometries and low to moderate Reynolds numbers.	The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations represent a time-averaged form of the Navier-Stokes equations developed by Osborne Reynolds in 1895. This approach decomposes turbulent flow into mean and fluctuating components, enabling practical simulation of turbulent flows by modeling turbulent stresses rather than resolving all scales. RANS remains the most widely used computational fluid dynamics method in engineering applications due to its computational efficiency.