Confronta i metodi

	Calorimetria Differenziale a Scansione	CALPHAD	Modellazione a Campo di Fase
Campo	Scienza dei materiali	Scienza dei materiali	Scienza dei materiali
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1964	1970	1958
Ideatore	E. S. Watson	Larry Kaufman	John W. Cahn
Tipo	Measurement method	Computational method	Simulation method
Fonte seminale	Watson, E. S., O'Neill, M. J., Justin, J., & Brenner, N. (1964). A differential scanning calorimeter for quantitative differential thermal analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 36(7), 1233-1238.	Kaufman, L., & Bernstein, H. (1970). Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams. Academic Press.	Cahn, J. W. (1958). Free energy of a nonuniform system: Interfacial free energy. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 28(2), 258-267.
Alias	DSC, differential thermal analysis, thermal analysis	CALPHAD method, computational thermodynamics	phase-field method, diffuse interface method
Correlati	3	3	3
Sintesi	Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal characterization technique that measures the heat flow required to maintain a sample and an inert reference at the same temperature while both are heated or cooled. Invented by Watson, O'Neill, and colleagues in 1964, DSC directly quantifies enthalpy changes during phase transitions, crystallization, melting, and chemical reactions. It is the standard tool in materials science, chemistry, and pharmaceutical research for determining thermodynamic properties, thermal stability, and kinetics of thermal transitions.	CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a computational method for predicting thermodynamic equilibrium properties and phase diagrams of multicomponent alloys. Pioneered by Larry Kaufman in 1970, CALPHAD combines experimental and computational data to assess thermodynamic properties of phases and subsequently predict equilibrium conditions. It is the standard methodology in physical metallurgy and materials design for alloy development, process optimization, and understanding phase stability.	Phase-Field Modeling (PFM) is a continuum computational method for simulating microstructure evolution, phase transitions, and interfacial dynamics without explicitly tracking moving boundaries. Developed from Cahn-Ginzburg-Landau theory in the 1950s, PFM represents distinct phases through continuous order parameters that vary smoothly over diffuse interfaces. This approach elegantly handles topological changes (nucleation, coalescence, pinch-off), complex interface geometries, and strongly coupled multiphysics. It is the dominant method for studying dendritic growth, spinodal decomposition, grain evolution, and reactive transport in materials science.