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| Modello CSTR× | Modello PFR× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Fisica applicata | Fisica applicata |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine | 1962 | 1962 |
| Ideatore | Octave Levenspiel | Octave Levenspiel |
| Tipo≠ | Mathematical model for continuous flow reactor | Mathematical model for plug-flow reactor |
| Fonte seminale | Levenspiel, O. (1999). Chemical Reaction Engineering (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-25424-9 | Levenspiel, O. (1999). Chemical Reaction Engineering (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-25424-9 |
| Alias | ideal mixed reactor, back-mix reactor, CSTR | ideal tubular reactor, plug-flow model, PFR |
| Correlati | 3 | 3 |
| Sintesi≠ | The CSTR (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor) model describes the behavior of an ideal mixed reactor where fresh feed is continuously added, products are withdrawn, and contents are kept uniform by vigorous stirring. This fundamental model, formalized by Octave Levenspiel in the 1960s, is widely used to design and scale batch and continuous processes. Despite its simplicity, it captures essential dynamics of industrial reactors and is the baseline for process control and optimization. | The PFR (Plug Flow Reactor) model describes the behavior of a tubular reactor in which fluid elements move through as distinct plugs with no axial mixing. Fluid at the inlet is freshly unreacted; as it travels downstream, reactions progress. This idealized model, formalized by Octave Levenspiel alongside CSTR theory, is the opposite extreme: while CSTRs are fully mixed, PFRs have no axial mixing. In practice, PFRs achieve higher conversion than CSTRs for the same residence time and are widely used in the chemical and petroleum industries. |
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