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	Modello CSTR	Equazione di Stato di Peng-Robinson	Distillazione reattiva
Campo	Fisica applicata	Fisica applicata	Fisica applicata
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1962	1976	1995
Ideatore	Octave Levenspiel	Ding-Yu Peng and David Bernard Robinson	Klaus Sundmacher
Tipo	Mathematical model for continuous flow reactor	Equation of state; thermodynamic property correlation	Integrated reaction-separation process model
Fonte seminale	Levenspiel, O. (1999). Chemical Reaction Engineering (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-25424-9	Peng, D. Y., & Robinson, D. B. (1976). A new two-constant equation of state. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 15(1), 59-64.	Sundmacher, K., & Kienle, A. (2003). Reactive Distillation: Status and Future Directions. Wiley-VCH. ISBN: 978-3-527-30623-9
Alias	ideal mixed reactor, back-mix reactor, CSTR	PR-EOS, Peng-Robinson model	integrated distillation-reaction, reactive column, reaction with separation
Correlati	3	4	4
Sintesi	The CSTR (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor) model describes the behavior of an ideal mixed reactor where fresh feed is continuously added, products are withdrawn, and contents are kept uniform by vigorous stirring. This fundamental model, formalized by Octave Levenspiel in the 1960s, is widely used to design and scale batch and continuous processes. Despite its simplicity, it captures essential dynamics of industrial reactors and is the baseline for process control and optimization.	The Peng-Robinson equation of state is a cubic model that describes the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids and mixtures. Introduced by Ding-Yu Peng and David Bernard Robinson in 1976, it improves upon earlier models (van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong) by better predicting compressibility factors and phase equilibria, especially near the critical point. It is widely used in petroleum engineering, chemical process design, and natural gas calculations.	Reactive distillation couples reaction and separation in a single column, where reactants are separated from products continuously while simultaneously undergoing reaction on catalytic trays. Pioneered in the 1990s by Klaus Sundmacher and others, this process intensification technique dramatically reduces capital cost, energy consumption, and environmental impact for suitable reactions. It is now industrially proven for esterification, hydration, and transesterification processes.