Confronta i metodi

	Cross-Classified Multilevel Models in Education	Educational Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Campo	Education	Education
Famiglia	Regression model	Regression model
Anno di origine	1993	2002
Ideatore	Multilevel modeling community (Raudenbush; Goldstein; Rasbash & Browne)	Stephen Raudenbush & Anthony Bryk
Tipo	Multilevel model with units cross-classified by two or more non-nested groupings	Multilevel regression for hierarchically nested educational data
Fonte seminale	Goldstein, H. (2011). Multilevel Statistical Models (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 9780470748657	Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 9780761919049
Alias	Cross-Classified Random Effects Models, CCREM, Cross-Classified Multilevel Modeling, Multiple Membership Cross-Classified Models	Multilevel Models in Education, Students-in-Schools HLM, School Effects Multilevel Model, Random-Effects Models for Educational Data
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	Cross-classified multilevel models extend hierarchical linear modeling to situations where units belong to two or more groupings that do not nest neatly inside one another. In education, students are often classified by both school and neighborhood, or by primary and secondary school across time — classifications that cut across each other rather than form a clean hierarchy. These models assign a random effect to each classification simultaneously, partitioning variance among them and yielding correct inferences where a purely nested model would be misspecified.	Educational hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is a multilevel regression framework for data in which students are nested within classrooms and classrooms within schools. Formalized for education by Raudenbush and Bryk, it lets the intercept and slopes of a student-level regression vary across schools, simultaneously estimating student-level relationships, school-level relationships, and the cross-level interactions between them — while producing correct standard errors that single-level regression on clustered data cannot.