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| Alpha di Cronbach (Analisi di Affidabilità)× | Kappa di Fleiss per l'accordo tra valutatori multipli× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Statistica | Statistica |
| Famiglia≠ | Latent structure | Hypothesis test |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1951 | 1971 |
| Ideatore≠ | Lee J. Cronbach | Joseph L. Fleiss |
| Tipo≠ | Reliability / internal consistency coefficient | Non-parametric agreement measure |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. DOI ↗ | Fleiss, J.L. (1971). Measuring Nominal Scale Agreement Among Many Raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 378–382. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha) | multi-rater kappa, Fleiss kappa, Fleiss' Kappa (Çoklu Değerlendirici Uyumu) |
| Correlati≠ | 4 | 2 |
| Sintesi≠ | Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research. | Fleiss' Kappa is a non-parametric statistic for measuring the degree of agreement among three or more raters who classify items into mutually exclusive nominal categories. Introduced by Joseph L. Fleiss in 1971 as a generalization of Cohen's Kappa beyond two raters, it corrects observed agreement for the level of agreement expected by chance alone, making it the standard reliability index in medical diagnosis studies, content analysis, and multi-coder research. |
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