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	Coping Strategies Index	Food Security Measurement
Campo	Development Studies	Development Studies
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1996	2013
Ideatore	Daniel Maxwell; CARE / World Food Programme	FAO (FIES); FANTA (HFIAS); World Food Programme (FCS)
Tipo	Behaviour-based food-insecurity index	Experiential and dietary food-security survey
Fonte seminale	Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'. Food Policy, 21(3), 291–303.	Ballard, T. J., Kepple, A. W., & Cafiero, C. (2013). The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a Global Standard for Monitoring Hunger Worldwide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Alias	CSI, Reduced Coping Strategies Index, rCSI, Coping strategies score	Food insecurity measurement, FIES, HFIAS, Food Consumption Score
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is a behaviour-based indicator of household food insecurity that counts and weights the consumption-related coping strategies households adopt when they cannot access enough food. Developed by Daniel Maxwell in the 1990s and standardised in the CARE/WFP field manual, it asks how frequently a household resorted to behaviours such as eating less-preferred foods, borrowing food, reducing portion sizes, restricting adult consumption, or skipping meals, and combines frequency with severity into a single score that is quick to collect and well suited to monitoring and early warning.	Food security measurement comprises a family of survey-based instruments that capture households' or individuals' access to adequate food, distinct from the U.S. USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. The dominant tools — the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the World Food Programme's Food Consumption Score (FCS), and dietary-diversity scores such as the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) — measure either the lived experience of food insecurity or the quantity and quality of the diet, providing the indicators used for global hunger monitoring and humanitarian targeting.