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	Concentric Zone Model	Bid-Rent Analysis
Campo	Urban Studies	Human Geography
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Anno di origine	1925	1964
Ideatore	Ernest W. Burgess (Chicago School)	William Alonso
Tipo	Descriptive urban-ecology model of concentric land-use and social zones	Theory of urban land rent and land-use allocation by distance to the centre
Fonte seminale	Park, R. E., Burgess, E. W., & McKenzie, R. D. (1925). The City. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226646114	Alonso, W. (1964). Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN: 9780674537019
Alias	Burgess Model, Concentric Ring Model, Burgess Concentric Zone Theory, Urban Ecology Zonal Model	Bid-Rent Theory, Alonso Bid-Rent Model, Urban Land-Rent Model, Bid-Rent Curve Analysis
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	The concentric zone model, formulated by sociologist Ernest Burgess of the Chicago School in the 1920s, describes the city as a set of concentric rings of land use and social structure expanding outward from a central business district. Each ring — from the commercial core, through a transitional zone of factories and tenements, to successive rings of workers' homes, better residences, and commuters — represents a stage in the city's outward growth. Published in the 1925 volume The City, it was the first influential model of urban spatial structure and treated the city through the lens of human ecology, with zones competing and invading one another like species in an ecosystem.	Bid-rent analysis is the urban-economics theory that explains how land rent and land use are organized by distance to the city centre. Developed by William Alonso in 1964, it represents each land use — commerce, industry, housing — by a bid-rent curve giving the maximum rent that use is willing to pay at each distance from the central business district. Because uses with steeper curves outbid others for central land, the observed rent is the upper envelope of all the curves, and the city sorts into concentric zones with the highest bidder winning each ring.