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	Concentration Curve and Index	Gini Coefficient	Lorenz Curve
Campo	Economia	Sociology	Sociology
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1991	1912	1905
Ideatore	Adam Wagstaff, Pierella Paci & Eddy van Doorslaer	Corrado Gini	Max Otto Lorenz
Tipo	Bivariate inequality measure	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality	Graphical representation of distributional inequality
Fonte seminale	Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., & van Doorslaer, E. (1991). On the measurement of inequalities in health. Social Science & Medicine, 33(5), 545–557.	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.	Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.
Alias	Health Concentration Index, Concentration Curve, Socioeconomic Inequality in Health Index, Wagstaff Index	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G	Lorenz concentration curve, Lorenz diagram, cumulative share curve
Correlati	3	5	5
Sintesi	The concentration curve and concentration index, established as the standard tools for measuring socioeconomic inequality in health by Wagstaff, Paci, and van Doorslaer in 1991, capture how a health variable is distributed across the population ranked by socioeconomic status. The concentration curve plots the cumulative share of health (or ill-health) against the cumulative share of people ordered from poorest to richest; the concentration index is twice the area between this curve and the line of equality. Unlike the Gini coefficient, which measures pure dispersion, the concentration index is bivariate — it measures inequality in one variable that is systematically related to a second, socioeconomic ranking.	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.	The Lorenz curve is a graphical device that displays the full shape of inequality in a distribution by plotting the cumulative share of a quantity (such as income) held by the cumulative share of the population, ranked from poorest to richest. Introduced by Max Lorenz in 1905, it underlies the Gini coefficient and provides the basis for ranking distributions by inequality when one curve lies entirely above another.