Confronta i metodi
Esamina i metodi selezionati fianco a fianco; le righe che differiscono sono evidenziate.
| Esperimento randomizzato a grappoli multi-braccio× | Trial Controllato Randomizzato a Blocchi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Disegno sperimentale | Disegno sperimentale |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1990s–2000s (systematic formalization) | 1920s (Fisher's blocking principle); applied to RCTs from the 1940s onward |
| Ideatore≠ | Building on cluster randomization (Donner & Klar) and multi-arm trial methods developed in clinical and public health research | R. A. Fisher (blocking principle); systematic RCT application by Bradford Hill and later Pocock, Friedman et al. |
| Tipo | Experimental design | Experimental design |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915856 |
| Alias | multi-arm cluster RCT, cluster-randomized multi-group trial, multi-arm group-randomized trial, CRCT multi-arm | blocked RCT, block-randomized trial, stratified block randomization trial, permuted block randomization |
| Correlati≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | A cluster randomized multi-arm experiment assigns intact groups — such as schools, clinics, or villages — rather than individuals to three or more experimental conditions simultaneously. Randomization occurs at the cluster level to prevent contamination between arms, while the multi-arm structure allows simultaneous evaluation of several interventions against a common control or each other, improving efficiency over a series of two-arm studies. | A blocked randomized controlled trial (blocked RCT) uses permuted-block randomization to ensure that treatment groups remain balanced in size — and optionally in key characteristics — throughout recruitment. Within each block of fixed or randomly varied size, all treatment allocations are present in equal numbers, so imbalance cannot accumulate even if the trial is stopped early. This makes blocked RCTs the standard randomization approach in clinical and behavioral intervention research. |
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