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	Approssimazione di Born-Oppenheimer	Metodo di Hartree-Fock
Campo	Calcolo quantistico	Calcolo quantistico
Famiglia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anno di origine	1927	1928
Ideatore	Max Born and Julius Robert Oppenheimer	Douglas Hartree and Vladimir Fock
Tipo	Fundamental approximation	Electronic structure method
Fonte seminale	Born, M., Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Zur Quantentheorie der Moleküle. Annalen der Physik, 84, 457–484.	Fock, V. (1930). Näherungsmethode zur Lösung des quantenmechanischen Mehrkörperproblems. Zeitschrift für Physik, 61, 126–148.
Alias	BO approximation, clamped nuclei	HF, self-consistent field
Correlati	3	4
Sintesi	The Born-Oppenheimer (BO) Approximation is a foundational assumption in molecular quantum mechanics that nuclei can be treated as fixed while solving for electrons, and vice versa. Introduced by Born and Oppenheimer in 1927, this separation reduces the complex many-body electronic-nuclear problem to a sequence of simpler problems, enabling nearly all molecular calculations.	The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is a foundational self-consistent field approach for solving the many-electron Schrödinger equation. Developed independently by Douglas Hartree and Vladimir Fock in the late 1920s, it approximates the ground state by assuming electrons move in an average field generated by all other electrons, enabling tractable quantum chemistry calculations.