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	Bongaarts Proximate Determinants	Total Fertility Rate
Campo	Demografia	Demografia
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1978	2001
Ideatore	John Bongaarts	Classical demographic index (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
Tipo	Multiplicative decomposition of fertility into behavioural and biological factors	Period summary fertility index synthesizing age-specific fertility rates
Fonte seminale	Bongaarts, J. (1978). A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility. Population and Development Review, 4(1), 105–132.	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
Alias	Proximate determinants framework, Bongaarts fertility-inhibiting indices, Cm Cc Ca Ci model, Yakın Belirleyiciler Çerçevesi	TFR, Period total fertility rate, Sum of age-specific fertility rates, Toplam Doğurganlık Hızı
Correlati	4	4
Sintesi	The Bongaarts framework of the proximate determinants of fertility decomposes a population's fertility into a biological maximum reduced by a small set of directly fertility-inhibiting factors: the proportion of women in sexual unions, contraceptive use, induced abortion, and postpartum infecundability. By expressing observed fertility as total fecundity multiplied by four indices between zero and one, it quantifies how much each behavioural and biological channel suppresses fertility below its potential ceiling.	The total fertility rate (TFR) is the central period measure of fertility in demography: the average number of children a woman would bear over her lifetime if she experienced, at each age, the age-specific fertility rates observed in a given year. Computed by summing age-specific fertility rates across the reproductive ages, the TFR removes the influence of population age structure and gives a single, intuitive figure — children per woman — that is comparable across populations and over time.