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| Studio caso-controllo nidificato adattivo× | Studio di coorte adattivo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Epidemiologia | Epidemiologia |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | Base design 1977; adaptive extensions from 1990s onward | 2000s–2010s (systematic formalisation) |
| Ideatore≠ | Nested case-control: D. C. Thomas (1977); adaptive design framework: Peter Bauer & Klaus Kohne (1994) | Extension of classic cohort methods; adaptive design principles formalised by regulatory and epidemiology communities in the 2000s–2010s |
| Tipo≠ | Observational epidemiological study with adaptive design elements | Observational / adaptive epidemiological design |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491. DOI ↗ | VanderWeele, T. J., & Hernan, M. A. (2012). Results on differential and dependent measurement error of the exposure and the outcome using signed directed acyclic graphs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1303–1310. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | adaptive NCC, adaptive nested case-referent study, dynamic nested case-control, sequential nested case-control | adaptive longitudinal study, flexible cohort design, adaptive prospective cohort, ACS |
| Correlati≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Sintesi≠ | An adaptive nested case-control study embeds a case-control comparison within a defined cohort and incorporates pre-specified interim decision rules that allow modifications — such as control-to-case ratio adjustment or biomarker sub-sampling revision — based on accumulating data, without compromising the study's validity or inflating type I error. The design combines the efficiency of the nested case-control framework with the flexibility of adaptive methodology to optimise resource use when exposure assessment is costly. | An adaptive cohort study is a longitudinal observational design that follows a defined group of individuals over time to assess exposure-outcome relationships, while incorporating pre-specified adaptation rules that allow protocol modifications — such as sample-size re-estimation, subgroup enrichment, or measurement schedule adjustments — based on accumulating interim data. Adaptations are made without compromising validity, guided by a statistical analysis plan agreed upon before data collection begins. |
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