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	Actor-Partner Interdependence Model	Experiences in Close Relationships Scale
Campo	Psicologia sociale	Psicologia sociale
Famiglia	Regression model	Latent structure
Anno di origine	2006	1998
Ideatore	David A. Kenny and colleagues	Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark & Phillip Shaver
Tipo	Regression model for dyadic interdependence	Self-report two-dimensional scale
Fonte seminale	Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572309869	Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-76). Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572302365
Alias	APIM, Dyadic Actor-Partner Model, Interdependence Regression Model	ECR, Adult Attachment Scale, Brennan-Clark-Shaver Attachment Scale
Correlati	3	3
Sintesi	The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), formalized by Kenny, Kashy, and Cook, is the standard framework for analyzing dyadic data in which two people's outcomes depend on both their own and their partner's characteristics. For each member of a dyad, the model estimates an actor effect -- the influence of a person's own predictor on their own outcome -- and a partner effect -- the influence of the partner's predictor on the person's outcome -- while explicitly modeling the statistical non-independence of the two members' scores. For example, a person's relationship satisfaction may depend on their own attachment anxiety (actor effect) and on their partner's attachment anxiety (partner effect). By simultaneously estimating these effects and accounting for the correlation between partners, the APIM avoids the bias of treating dyad members as independent and reveals how individuals in relationships shape each other, making it indispensable for research on couples, families, and other interacting pairs.	The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) scale, developed by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver in 1998, is the most widely used self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. The authors factor-analyzed essentially all existing English-language attachment measures and found that they reduced to two orthogonal dimensions: attachment anxiety, the fear of rejection and abandonment and a craving for closeness and reassurance, and attachment avoidance, discomfort with intimacy and dependence and a preference for self-reliance. The resulting 36-item scale, with 18 items per dimension rated on a Likert scale, locates each respondent in a two-dimensional attachment space whose regions correspond to the familiar secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful styles. Highly reliable and extensively validated, the ECR (and its revision, the ECR-R) became the standard instrument for studying how attachment shapes relationship functioning, emotion regulation, and support-seeking across close relationships.