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| Test Anxiety Inventory× | Skala Ketahanan Akademik× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Pendidikan | Psikologi Pendidikan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1980 | 2016 |
| Pencetus≠ | Spielberger, C. D. | Cassidy, S. |
| Tipe | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Spielberger, C. D. (1980). Test Anxiety Inventory: Preliminary professional manual. Consulting Psychologists Press. link ↗ | Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional scale for measuring student resilience as a dynamic process. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1781. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | TAI | ARS-30 |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Test Anxiety Inventory measures the situational anxiety experienced during examinations, distinguishing between cognitive worry and physiological emotionality. Developed by Spielberger in 1980, the TAI provides educators and clinicians with a validated assessment of test-specific anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success that affects performance disproportionately to ability. Early identification and targeted intervention can substantially improve both well-being and exam performance. | The Academic Resilience Scale measures the capacity of students to withstand and recover from academic adversity, including setbacks, failures, and difficult transitions. Developed by Cassidy in 2016, the ARS-30 conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic, multidimensional process involving perseverance, adaptive help-seeking, and emotional regulation—not a fixed trait. This instrument is invaluable for identifying students at risk of academic disengagement, evaluating resilience-building interventions, and understanding how students adapt to challenge. |
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