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| Inventaris Kesadaran Penuh Perhatian Freiburg (FMI)× | Skala Kesadaran Penuh Perhatian Toronto (TMS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Kesadaran Penuh | Psikologi Kesadaran Penuh |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2001 | 2006 |
| Pencetus≠ | Nikolaus Buchheld, Peter Grossman, and Harald Walach | Zindel V. Segal, Mark A. Lau, and colleagues at the University of Toronto |
| Tipe | Self-report | Self-report |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation-naïve subjects using the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal of Meditation and Meditation Research, 1(1), 11-21. link ↗ | Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., ... & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: Development and validation of a state measure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | FMI, FMI-30, FMI-14 | TMS, TMS-13 |
| Terkait≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire measuring trait mindfulness, with a widely used 14-item short form (FMI-14). Developed by Buchheld, Grossman, and Walach in 2001 and originally validated in insight meditation practitioners, the FMI has become a standard measure in mindfulness-based intervention research, particularly in European studies and clinical trials evaluating MBSR and MBCT. The instrument emphasizes present-moment awareness, non-judgment, and openness to experience. | The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) is a 13-item self-report instrument uniquely designed to measure state mindfulness—the immediate, transient quality of mindful awareness during or immediately following a meditation session. Developed by Zindel V. Segal, Mark A. Lau, and colleagues at the University of Toronto and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology in 2006, the TMS captures two core dimensions of state mindfulness: Curiosity and Decentering. Unlike trait measures (FFMQ, FMI) which assess habitual mindfulness, the TMS provides moment-to-moment assessment and has become essential in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and contemplative neuroscience research. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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