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| Etnografi Digital Kritis× | Netnografi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kualitatif | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2000s–2010s | 1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book) |
| Pencetus≠ | Synthesised from critical ethnography (Thomas, 1993) and digital/virtual ethnography (Hine, 2000); scholars including Bhatt, de Roock, and Saldanha developed explicit critical-digital frameworks from the 2010s onward | Robert V. Kozinets |
| Tipe≠ | Qualitative research design | Qualitative research method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Bhatt, I., & de Roock, R. (2013). Capturing the sociomateriality of digital literacy events. Research in Learning Technology, 21. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21624 DOI ↗ | Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907 |
| Alias | CDE, critical online ethnography, critical virtual ethnography, digital critical ethnography | online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography |
| Terkait≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Critical digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive, participatory observation of digital ethnography with the power-conscious, emancipatory orientation of critical theory. Researchers embed themselves in online communities, platforms, or digital practices and examine not only what people do online but also how digital spaces reproduce, challenge, or transform structures of power, inequality, and identity. It is widely used in education, communication studies, and social science. | Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction. |
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