Machine learning-augmented doubly robust estimation

Machine learning-augmented doubly robust (ML-DR) estimation combines the classical doubly robust (AIPW) identification strategy with flexible machine learning models for the nuisance functions — the propensity score and the outcome regression. The result is a causal estimator that is consistent if either ML component is correctly specified, and that achieves valid, root-n inference even when the nuisance models are estimated with high-dimensional regularisation or nonparametric learners.