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| Kétparaméteres logisztikus IRT modell (2PL)× | A fokozatos válaszmodell (Graded Response Model, GRM)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület | Pszichometria | Pszichometria |
| Módszercsalád | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 1980 | 1969 |
| Megalkotó≠ | Frederic M. Lord | Fumiko Samejima |
| Típus≠ | Item response model / latent trait model | Item response theory / polytomous IRT model |
| Alapmű≠ | Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Erlbaum. link ↗ | Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, No. 17. link ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek | two-parameter logistic model, 2PL model, 2PL IRT — İki Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli | Samejima's GRM, Derecelendirilmiş Tepki Modeli (GRM), graded IRT model |
| Kapcsolódó≠ | 6 | 7 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | The two-parameter logistic item response model, formalised by Frederic Lord (1980), describes the probability that a respondent answers a binary test item correctly as a smooth S-shaped function of the respondent's latent ability. By estimating a separate discrimination parameter for each item alongside a difficulty parameter, 2PL allows items to differ in how sharply they distinguish high- from low-ability respondents — making it the standard model for large-scale educational and psychological assessments. | The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneously placing persons on a continuous latent trait scale. |
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