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| Retrospektív ökológiai vizsgálat – Populációs szintű történelmi elemzés× | Ökológiai vizsgálat× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület | Epidemiológia | Epidemiológia |
| Módszercsalád | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 20th century (formalized ~1980s–1990s) | 19th century (Snow 1854); formalised mid-20th century |
| Megalkotó≠ | Epidemiological tradition; formalized by Morgenstern and others | Various; foundational work by John Snow (1854) and systematised in modern form by Brian MacMahon and colleagues |
| Típus≠ | Observational epidemiological design | Observational epidemiological study |
| Alapmű≠ | Morgenstern, H. (1998). Ecologic studies. In K. J. Rothman & S. Greenland (Eds.), Modern Epidemiology (2nd ed., pp. 459–480). Lippincott-Raven. link ↗ | Morgenstern, H. (1995). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annual Review of Public Health, 16(1), 61–81. DOI ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek | retrospective aggregate study, historical ecological study, retrospective correlational ecological design, population-level retrospective study | aggregate study, correlational study, ecological correlation study, population-level study |
| Kapcsolódó | 5 | 5 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | A retrospective ecological study examines associations between exposures and outcomes using pre-existing aggregate data from defined populations or geographic units. Rather than following individual subjects, the unit of analysis is a group — a country, region, or time period — and all measurements come from historical records already collected before the study began. It is a rapid, low-cost way to generate hypotheses about environmental, social, or policy determinants of disease at the population level. | An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population — a country, region, city, or time period — rather than an individual. Exposures and outcomes are measured as aggregates (rates, proportions, or means) and then correlated across groups to generate or evaluate hypotheses about population-level associations between risk factors and disease. |
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