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| Population Potential Model× | Accessibility Analysis× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület | Human Geography | Human Geography |
| Módszercsalád | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 1947 | 1959 |
| Megalkotó≠ | John Q. Stewart | Walter G. Hansen |
| Típus≠ | Social-physics measure of the cumulative influence of population at a location | Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location |
| Alapmű≠ | Stewart, J. Q. (1947). Empirical mathematical rules concerning the distribution and equilibrium of population. Geographical Review, 37(3), 461–485. DOI ↗ | Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76. DOI ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek | Potential of Population, Market Potential Model, Demographic Potential, Stewart Potential | Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index |
| Kapcsolódó | 4 | 4 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | The population potential model measures the cumulative influence that all of a region's population exerts on a given point, weighting each place's population inversely by its distance. Introduced by the astronomer-turned-social-scientist John Q. Stewart in 1947 as part of his 'social physics', it borrows the gravitational-potential analogy from physics: every population mass contributes potential at a point in proportion to its size and in inverse proportion to its distance. Summed across all places, the result is a smooth potential surface that maps relative accessibility, market reach, and demographic pressure. | Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning. |
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