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| Multilevel McDonald-féle Omega× | Multilevel Exploratory Factor Analysis (ML-EFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület | Pszichometria | Pszichometria |
| Módszercsalád | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 1999 (omega); 2014 (multilevel extension) | 1994 |
| Megalkotó≠ | Roderick P. McDonald (omega); multilevel extension by Geldhof, Preacher & Zyphur | Bengt O. Muthén |
| Típus≠ | Reliability coefficient | Latent variable / multilevel dimension reduction |
| Alapmű≠ | Geldhof, G. J., Preacher, K. J., & Zyphur, M. J. (2014). Reliability estimation in a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis framework. Psychological Methods, 19(1), 72–91. DOI ↗ | Muthén, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398. DOI ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek | multilevel omega, omega within, omega between, hierarchical omega | ML-EFA, multilevel factor analysis, two-level exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical exploratory factor analysis |
| Kapcsolódó | 3 | 3 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | Multilevel McDonald's omega estimates reliability at two distinct levels — within groups and between groups — for scales administered to individuals nested in clusters such as classrooms, teams, or organizations. It accounts for the non-independence induced by grouping and avoids the bias that single-level omega produces in clustered data. | Multilevel exploratory factor analysis uncovers latent factor structures simultaneously at two or more levels of a data hierarchy — for example, both within individuals and between groups — without imposing a fixed structure in advance. It is essential whenever survey or test items are collected from respondents nested inside classrooms, organisations, or clinics. |
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