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| Helymeghatározási-elosztási modellek× | GIS-alapú multi-kritériumos döntéselemzés (GIS-MCDA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület | Térbeli elemzés | Térbeli elemzés |
| Módszercsalád | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 1963 | 2006 |
| Megalkotó≠ | Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi | Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis) |
| Típus≠ | Spatial facility-location optimization | Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis |
| Alapmű≠ | Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343. DOI ↗ | Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726. DOI ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek≠ | facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri | GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability |
| Kapcsolódó | 4 | 4 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population. | GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data. |
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