विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| विषाक्त नेतृत्व पैमाना (Toxic Leadership Scale)× | संगठनात्मक विश्वास पैमाना× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | संगठनात्मक व्यवहार | संगठनात्मक व्यवहार |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 2007 | 1996 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad | Aneil K. Mishra |
| प्रकार≠ | Observational scale | Self-report scale |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗ | Mishra, A. K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis: The role of mutual trust and top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 842-865. link ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | Destructive Leadership Scale | — |
| संबंधित | 4 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. | The Organizational Trust Scale (OTS) is a 12-item instrument designed to measure interpersonal trust and organizational confidence across four dimensions. Developed by Aneil K. Mishra in 1996, the scale addresses how employees perceive trustworthiness in their organization and leadership. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
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