विधियों की तुलना करें

	अध्ययन प्रक्रिया प्रश्नावली	शैक्षणिक आत्म-प्रभावकारिता पैमाना
क्षेत्र	शैक्षिक मनोविज्ञान	शैक्षिक मनोविज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1987	1977
प्रवर्तक	John Biggs	Albert Bandura
प्रकार	Self-report learning process inventory	Self-efficacy belief measurement
मौलिक स्रोत	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
उपनाम	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance
संबंधित	4	4
सारांश	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.