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	मजबूत गेटिस-ऑर्ड Gi* सांख्यिकी	स्थानीय गेटिस-ऑर्ड Gi* (हॉट स्पॉट विश्लेषण)
क्षेत्र	स्थानिक विश्लेषण	स्थानिक विश्लेषण
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1992 (base); robust variants circa 2000s–2010s	1992–1995
प्रवर्तक	Getis & Ord (base statistic); robust extensions developed in subsequent spatial statistics literature	Arthur Getis and J. Keith Ord
प्रकार	Local spatial statistic	Local spatial association statistic
मौलिक स्रोत	Getis, A., & Ord, J. K. (1992). The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3), 189–206.	Getis, A., & Ord, J. K. (1992). The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3), 189–206.
उपनाम	Robust Gi*, Robust local Gi star, outlier-resistant hot spot analysis, robust local spatial autocorrelation Gi*	Gi* statistic, Getis-Ord Gi*, local G-star, hot spot statistic
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	The Robust Getis-Ord Gi* statistic extends the classical Gi* hot-spot measure to handle outliers in spatial data. By using robust estimators of the mean and variance — such as trimmed means, medians, or down-weighted influential observations — it identifies statistically significant spatial clusters of high or low values even when the attribute distribution contains extreme values that would distort the standard Gi*.	The Local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic identifies statistically significant spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots) within a study area. Unlike global measures, it produces a z-score for every location, revealing where concentrated clustering occurs and with what statistical confidence.