विधियों की तुलना करें

	Real Options Valuation	जोखिम-उदासीन मूल्यांकन
क्षेत्र	अर्थशास्त्र	मात्रात्मक वित्त
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1994	1979
प्रवर्तक	Stewart Myers (term); Dixit & Pindyck, Trigeorgis (theory)	John Harrison and David Kreps
प्रकार	Valuation of managerial flexibility under uncertainty	Fundamental Principle
मौलिक स्रोत	Dixit, A. K., & Pindyck, R. S. (1994). Investment Under Uncertainty. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691034102	Harrison, J. M., & Kreps, D. M. (1979). Martingales and arbitrage in multiperiod securities markets. Journal of Economic Theory, 20(3), 381-408.
उपनाम	Real Options Analysis, ROV, Real Option Pricing, Investment Under Uncertainty	Risk-Neutral Measure, Q-Measure
संबंधित	3	4
सारांश	Real options valuation applies the theory of financial options to real (physical, strategic) investment decisions, valuing the managerial flexibility to defer, expand, contract, switch, or abandon a project as uncertainty resolves over time. Where standard discounted-cash-flow analysis assumes a now-or-never commitment to a fixed plan, real options recognize that managers hold rights — not obligations — to act, and that this flexibility has value precisely because the future is uncertain. Using option-pricing and dynamic-programming methods, the approach values these embedded options and identifies the optimal timing and conditions for exercising them.	Risk-neutral valuation (1979) is the fundamental principle that derivative prices equal the expected payoff discounted at the risk-free rate, computed under a risk-neutral probability measure (Q-measure). This principle, formalized by Harrison and Kreps, eliminates the need to estimate risk premia and is the foundation of modern derivatives pricing.