विधियों की तुलना करें

	यादृच्छिक नैदानिक ​​परीक्षण (RCT)	चरण III नैदानिक परीक्षण
क्षेत्र	महामारी विज्ञान	महामारी विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial)	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)
प्रवर्तक	Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines
प्रकार	Interventional experimental study	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial
मौलिक स्रोत	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
उपनाम	RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT
संबंधित	6	6
सारांश	A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions.	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.