विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| मूड अवस्था प्रोफाइल (POMS)× | मानसिक सुदृढ़ता प्रश्नावली (MTQ48)× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | खेल मनोविज्ञान | खेल मनोविज्ञान |
| परिवार | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1971 | 2002 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Douglas McNair, Maurice Lorr, Lorne Droppleman | Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell |
| प्रकार≠ | Self-report mood adjectives questionnaire | Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Profile of Mood States. Educational and Industrial Testing Service (EDITS). link ↗ | Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187. link ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | POMS, POMS-2 | MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs |
| संबंधित | 4 | 4 |
| सारांश≠ | The POMS is a 65-item self-report questionnaire that measures six dimensions of mood: Tension, Depression, Anger, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion. Developed by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman in 1971, it has become a cornerstone instrument in sport psychology for monitoring athlete psychological state before competition, during training, and in response to interventions. | The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience. |
| ScholarGateडेटासेट ↗ |
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