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	Point-Biserial Correlation	स्पीयरमैन रैंक सहसंबंध गुणांक (ρ)
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	सांख्यिकी
परिवार	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
उद्भव वर्ष	1954	1904
प्रवर्तक	Robert F. Tate	Charles Spearman
प्रकार	Parametric correlation coefficient	Nonparametric rank-based correlation
मौलिक स्रोत	Tate, R. F. (1954). Correlation between a discrete and a continuous variable. Point-biserial correlation. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 25(3), 603–607.	Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 72–101.
उपनाम	rpb, r_pb, point biserial r, item-total correlation	Spearman's rho, Spearman rank-order correlation, Spearman Sıra Korelasyonu
संबंधित	4	4
सारांश	The point-biserial correlation coefficient (r_pb) measures the strength and direction of the linear association between one naturally dichotomous variable (coded 0/1) and one continuous variable. It is a special case of the Pearson product-moment correlation formally derived by Tate (1954) in the Annals of Mathematical Statistics and is the standard index used in psychometric item analysis, validity studies, and any research context where a binary grouping variable is related to a continuous outcome.	The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a nonparametric measure of the monotonic association between two variables. Introduced by Charles Spearman in 1904, it converts raw observations to ranks and measures how consistently one variable increases as the other increases, without assuming a normal distribution or a linear relationship.