विधियों की तुलना करें

	सामान्यीकरण प्रक्रिया सिद्धांत (NPT)	कार्यान्वयन जलवायु पैमाना (ICS)
क्षेत्र	कार्यान्वयन विज्ञान	कार्यान्वयन विज्ञान
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2009	2014
प्रवर्तक	Carl R. May, PhD; Elena Murray, PhD; and colleagues at University of Sydney and UCL	Michelle G. Ehrhart, PhD; Gregory A. Aarons, PhD; Lydia R. Farahnak, PhD
प्रकार	Theoretical framework with qualitative and mixed-methods assessment	Self-report organizational survey
मौलिक स्रोत	Murray, E., Treweek, S., Pope, C., MacFarlane, A., Ballini, L., Dowrick, C., ... & May, C. R. (2010). Normalizing adoption of new health care innovations: A systematic review of empirical studies. American Journal of Health Promotion, 24(4), e5–e15.	Ehrhart, M. G., Aarons, G. A., & Farahnak, L. R. (2014). Assessing the organizational context for EBP implementation: The Development and Validity Testing of the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS). Implementation Science, 9, 157.
उपनाम	NPT, Normalization Process Theory, NPT Framework, Normalisation Process Theory	ICS, Implementation Climate, Implementation Climate Scale-4
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	Normalization Process Theory (NPT) is a framework developed by May, Murray, and colleagues (2009) to explain how new practices, technologies, and innovations become embedded and sustained in everyday organizational and clinical work. Rather than viewing implementation as a one-time adoption event, NPT conceptualizes implementation as a process of normalization—the gradual transition from 'new and unusual' to 'normal, routine work integrated into standard processes.' NPT identifies four normalization mechanisms: Coherence (shared understanding of the intervention's purpose and value), Cognitive Participation (staff engagement and involvement in learning and using the intervention), Collective Action (the work required to implement, including workflow changes and resource allocation), and Reflexive Monitoring (ongoing reflection on impacts, benefits, and needed adaptations). NPT has become influential in implementation science research, particularly in health technology implementation and complex intervention studies, and provides a theoretical lens for understanding why some innovations become normalized while others are abandoned.	The Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) is a brief organizational assessment tool that measures the extent to which an organization's work climate, policies, and systems are aligned with and supportive of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. Developed by Ehrhart, Aarons, and Farahnak in 2014, the ICS measures four dimensions of organizational implementation climate: Focus (degree to which EBP is a priority in organizational goals), Support (availability of resources and protected time for EBP), Reward (incentive structures and recognition for EBP use), and Expectations (leadership communication of expectations for EBP adoption and fidelity). The ICS provides a concise snapshot of whether organizational systems and policies actively facilitate or hinder EBP uptake, and has demonstrated strong predictive validity for implementation fidelity and sustainability.