विधियों की तुलना करें

	बहुस्तरीय मध्यस्थता विश्लेषण	कारण मध्यस्थता विश्लेषण (प्राकृतिक प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव)
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	कारणात्मक अनुमान
परिवार	Hypothesis test	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2003	2010
प्रवर्तक	Kenny, Korchmaros & Bolger	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)
प्रकार	Multilevel structural model	Counterfactual causal decomposition
मौलिक स्रोत	Kenny, D. A., Korchmaros, J. D., & Bolger, N. (2003). Lower level mediation in multilevel models. Psychological Methods, 8(2), 115–128.	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.
उपनाम	multilevel mediation, hierarchical mediation, cross-level mediation, 1-1-1 mediation	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation
संबंधित	8	5
सारांश	Multilevel mediation analysis is a parametric structural method that estimates indirect (mediated) effects within hierarchically nested data, such as students within schools or employees within organisations. Formalised for lower-level mediation in multilevel models by Kenny, Korchmaros and Bolger (2003), it simultaneously handles individual-level (1-1-1) and group-level (2-2-1 or 2-1-1) mediation pathways in a single coherent framework.	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.