विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| फजी रिग्रेशन डिसकंटीन्यूइटी डिज़ाइन× | प्रोपेंसिटी स्कोर मैचिंग× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र≠ | कारणात्मक अनुमान | अनुसंधान सांख्यिकी |
| परिवार≠ | Regression model | Process / pipeline |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 2001 | 1983 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Hahn, Todd & van der Klaauw | Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin |
| प्रकार≠ | Quasi-experimental causal inference | Method |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Hahn, J., Todd, P., & van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209. DOI ↗ | Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | Fuzzy RD, Fuzzy RDD, Fuzzy RD Design, Imperfect RDD | PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance |
| संबंधित≠ | 5 | 3 |
| सारांश≠ | Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Fuzzy RDD) estimates causal effects when eligibility for a treatment is determined by a threshold on a running variable but actual take-up of that treatment is imperfect — some eligible units do not receive treatment and some ineligible units do. The cutoff acts as an instrument, and the estimand is a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) for compliers near the threshold. | Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias. |
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