विधियों की तुलना करें

	कारक विश्लेषण	गाऊसी मिश्रण मॉडल
क्षेत्र	अनुसंधान सांख्यिकी	मशीन अधिगम
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
उद्भव वर्ष	1931	1977
प्रवर्तक	Louis Leon Thurstone	Dempster, Laird & Rubin (EM algorithm)
प्रकार	Method	Probabilistic (soft) clustering — mixture model
मौलिक स्रोत	Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press.	Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M. & Rubin, D.B. (1977). Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(1), 1–22.
उपनाम	EFA, CFA, latent variable modeling	Gaussian Karışım Modeli (GMM Kümeleme), GMM, GMM clustering, mixture of Gaussians
संबंधित	3	4
सारांश	Factor analysis is a statistical technique for identifying latent (unobserved) dimensions underlying observed variables, developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in the 1930s and formalized by Jöreskog (1969). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) discovers unknown factor structure from data; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tests hypothesized relationships between observed and latent variables. Essential in psychometrics (test development), organizational research (measuring constructs like leadership style), and biomedicine (identifying disease subtypes), factor analysis reduces dimensionality while revealing conceptual organization in multivariate data.	A Gaussian Mixture Model is a probabilistic clustering method that models the data as a weighted mixture of several Gaussian distributions, fitted with the Expectation–Maximization algorithm formalized by Dempster, Laird & Rubin in 1977. It is a generalization of K-means in which each cluster can take its own shape, size, and orientation.